The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is linked with extreme inflammatory response, disordered hemostasis, and high thrombotic risk. Such findings are creating business opportunities for manufacturers in the fibrinogen concentrates market. A high incidence of thromboembolic events has been reported despite thromboprophylaxis, which is raising the question of more effective anticoagulation strategies. Thus, stakeholders in the fibrinogen concentrates market are capitalizing on this opportunity to increase the availability of treatment and products.
First-line hemostasis tests such as activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time, among others, are vulnerable to many drawbacks, thus affecting their reliability and clinical relevance. This is triggering the demand for specialized hemostasis-related tests that may help to assess the thrombotic risk associated with COVID-19. Moreover, hemostasis laboratories are facing challenges in the monitoring of heparin treatment. Thus, to overcome this vulnerability of laboratories, companies are ensuring robust supply of treatment and products.
The fibrinogen concentrates market is projected to expand at a favorable CAGR of ~6% during the forecast period. However, it is challenging to evaluate the efficacy of human fibrinogen concentrate (FCH) in patients with congenital fibrinogen deficiency (CFD) due to the rarity of patient population. Hence, stakeholders are expected to collaborate with researchers to conduct observational retrospective study with an additional prospective component to assess the efficacy of human fibrinogen concentrate for the treatment of acute bleeding events.
It has been found that FCH is well tolerated in patients with CFD and is effective in treating bleeding events. FCH is found to be effective and has a favorable safety profile when used as treatment for both on-demand bleeding and surgical prophylaxis in patients with afibrinogenemia.
The fibrinogen concentrates market is expected to reach a valuation of US$ 700 Mn by 2031. The concept of targeted point-of-care bleeding management is becoming a fast growing phenomenon in the market landscape. Emerging studies are making use of fibrinogen, also known as factor I, in lieu of whole blood to facilitate clotting. Fibrinogen concentrates are being highly publicized for the management of bleeding events, since it allows the administration of a precise dose to reach a desired target level.
Manufacturers in the fibrinogen concentrates market are making products and treatments easily available for hospitals, ambulatory surgical centers, and other healthcare systems. General coagulation management applications are expected to register the highest revenue share among all application types.
The early fibrinogen concentrate administration is being preferred in complex and time-sensitive environment of pre-hospital trauma care. This helps to protect against early fibrinogen depletion, promotes rapid blood clot initiation, and clot stability. Such trends are translating into value-grab opportunities for stakeholders in the fibrinogen concentrates market.
The presence of trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) in severely injured and bleeding patients on admission to the emergency department (ED) is leading to increased mortality rates. In order to lower mortality rates, companies are bolstering their production capabilities to ensure the readily available treatments and products. Early and effective coagulation therapy holds promising potentials to improve survival in patients. As such, manufacturers in the fibrinogen concentrates market are gaining evidence that supports early fibrinogen supplementation in trauma patients. There is a growing demand for fibrinogen concentrate products in highly dynamic and complex environment of acute pre-hospital trauma care.
A significant number of deaths attributable to hemorrhage occur within the first hour of hospital arrival. This is emerging as a key driver of growth in the fibrinogen concentrates market. There is an increased emphasis on hemostatic resuscitation in pre-hospital settings and battlefield. The concept of remote damage control resuscitation (RDCR) is growing popular in the fibrinogen concentrates market, which imposes logistic challenges and requirement for hemostatic products that can be easily stored, transported, and used in the field austere environment. Thus, manufacturers are tapping into revenue opportunities in such innovative and lesser-known applications.
There is evidence that shows fibrinogen concentrate has the capability to reduce transfusions of blood products and increase survival rates of patients after severe trauma. Stakeholders are anticipated to collaborate with researchers to gain evidence via randomized controlled trials to assess how fibrinogen concentrate help to decrease bleeding tendency and reduce transfusion requirements.
Since trauma is the leading cause of mortality with major bleeding and trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC), fibrinogen concentrate is being publicized as the first line of treatment for TIC. Contributing factors such as initiatives to improve TIC management, generation of stronger data, and improved medical education are of paramount importance to increase better patient outcomes. Simplified practice guidance and improved access to viscoelectic testing are forming critical factors for growth of the fibrinogen concentrates market.
TIC requires different treatment strategies, which include tranexamic acid (TXA), human fibrinogen concentrate, and prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs), among others. Manufacturers in the fibrinogen concentrates market are gaining awareness about such patient demands and requirements from healthcare systems.
Canadian Blood Services - a provider of lifesaving products and services in transfusion and transplantation for patients is gaining recognition for continuously improving blood products and their utilization, which results in improvement of patient quality of life. Stakeholders in the fibrinogen concentrates market are taking cues from such developments to build their network of scientists, medical experts, collaborators, and research partners to improve blood products.
Guided clinical practices are supporting national studies, which suggest that fibrinogen concentrate is equivalent to cryoprecipitate in controlled post-operative bleeding. Such insights are impacting the way cardiac patients can be treated in various healthcare facilities. Stakeholders are realizing the importance of R&D, training, education, and engagement activities that play a key role in improving blood products. On the other hand, fibrinogen concentrate is being preferred over fresh frozen plasma (FFP), since the former delivers a standardized and higher concentration of coagulation proteins.
Analysts’ Viewpoint
Stakeholders are paying attention to the activities of the Canadian Blood Services during the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak to prioritize and effectively deploy blood products in healthcare facilities. Fibrinogen concentrates are witnessing high demand than fresh frozen plasma, owing to the benefit of low risk of virus transmission.
Though there is evidence to support early fibrinogen supplementation in trauma patients, there is a need for robust data regarding clinical benefits in patients. Hence, companies in the fibrinogen concentrates market should increase their proficiency in randomized controlled trials to assess early administration of fibrinogen concentrate as part of a coagulation factor concentrate-based treatment strategy.
Fibrinogen Concentrates Market – Segmentation
TMR’s study on the global fibrinogen concentrates market includes information divided into three segments: application, end user, and region. Changing industry trends and other crucial market dynamics associated with these segments of the global fibrinogen concentrates market have been discussed in detail.
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End User |
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The global fibrinogen concentrates market was worth US$ 350 Mn and is projected to reach a value of US$ 700 Mn by the end of 2031
Fibrinogen concentrates market is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 6% during the forecast period
Europe accounted for a major share of the global fibrinogen concentrates market
Fibrinogen concentrates market is driven by rise in demand for fibrinogen among physicians as blood clot formation agents, increase in the number of cases of bleeding disorders, and surge in the availability of fibrinogen products are key factors projected to drive the global market
Key players in the global fibrinogen concentrates market include LFB GROUP, Green Cross Corp., Octapharma AG, CSL Behring, and Shanghai RAAS
1. Preface
1.1. Market Definition and Scope
1.2. Market Segmentation
1.3. Key Research Objectives
1.4. Research Highlights
2. Assumptions and Research Methodology
3. Executive Summary: Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market
4. Market Overview
4.1. Introduction & Overview
4.2. Market Dynamics
4.2.1. Drivers
4.2.2. Restraints
4.2.3. Opportunities
4.3. Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Analysis and Forecast, 2017–2031
5. Market Outlook
5.1. Disease Prevalence & Incidence Rate Globally with Key Countries
5.2. Pipeline Analysis
5.3. Clinical Trail Analysis
5.4. COVID-19 Impact Analysis
6. Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Analysis and Forecast, by Application
6.1. Introduction & Definition
6.2. Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2017–2031
6.2.1. General Coagulation Management
6.2.2. Surgery
6.2.3. Others
6.3. Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Application
7. Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Analysis and Forecast, by End-user
7.1. Introduction & Definition
7.2. Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user, 2017–2031
7.2.1. Hospitals
7.2.2. ASCs
7.2.3. Others
7.3. Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Attractiveness Analysis, by End-user
8. Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Analysis and Forecast, by Region
8.1. Key Findings
8.2. Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Region
8.2.1. North America
8.2.2. Europe
8.2.3. Asia Pacific
8.2.4. Latin America
8.2.5. Middle East & Africa
8.3. Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Region
9. North America Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Analysis and Forecast
9.1. Introduction
9.2. North America Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2017–2031
9.2.1. General Coagulation Management
9.2.2. Surgery
9.2.3. Others
9.3. North America Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user, 2017–2031
9.3.1. Hospitals
9.3.2. ASCs
9.3.3. Others
9.4. North America Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country, 2017–2031
9.4.1. U.S.
9.4.2. Canada
9.5. North America Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Attractiveness Analysis
9.5.1. By Application
9.5.2. By End-user
9.5.3. By Country
10. Europe Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Analysis and Forecast
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Europe Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2017–2031
10.2.1. General Coagulation Management
10.2.2. Surgery
10.2.3. Others
10.3. Europe Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user, 2017–2031
10.3.1. Hospitals
10.3.2. ASCs
10.3.3. Others
10.4. Europe Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country/Sub-region, 2017–2031
10.4.1. Germany
10.4.2. U.K.
10.4.3. France
10.4.4. Spain
10.4.5. Italy
10.4.6. Rest of Europe
10.5. Europe Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Attractiveness Analysis
10.5.1. By Application
10.5.2. By End-user
10.5.3. By Country/Sub-region
11. Asia Pacific Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Analysis and Forecast
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Asia Pacific Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2017–2031
11.2.1. General Coagulation Management
11.2.2. Surgery
11.2.3. Others
11.3. Asia Pacific Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user, 2017–2031
11.3.1. Hospitals
11.3.2. ASCs
11.3.3. Others
11.4. Asia Pacific Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country/Sub-region, 2017–2031
11.4.1. China
11.4.2. Japan
11.4.3. India
11.4.4. Australia & New Zealand
11.4.5. Rest of Asia Pacific
11.5. Asia Pacific Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Attractiveness Analysis
11.5.1. By Application
11.5.2. By End-user
11.5.3. By Country/Sub-region
12. Latin America Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Analysis and Forecast
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Latin America Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2017–2031
12.2.1. General Coagulation Management
12.2.2. Surgery
12.2.3. Others
12.3. Latin America Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user, 2017–2031
12.3.1. Hospitals
12.3.2. ASCs
12.3.3. Others
12.4. Latin America Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country/Sub-region, 2017–2031
12.4.1. Brazil
12.4.2. Mexico
12.4.3. Rest of Latin America
12.5. Latin America Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Attractiveness Analysis
12.5.1. By Application
12.5.2. By End-user
12.5.3. By Country/Sub-region
13. Middle East & Africa Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Analysis and Forecast
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Middle East & Africa Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2017–2031
13.2.1. General Coagulation Management
13.2.2. Surgery
13.2.3. Others
13.3. Middle East & Africa Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user, 2017–2031
13.3.1. Hospitals
13.3.2. ASCs
13.3.3. Others
13.4. Middle East & Africa Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country/Sub-region, 2017–2031
13.4.1. GCC Countries
13.4.2. South Africa
13.4.3. Rest of Middle East & Africa
13.5. Middle East & Africa Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Attractiveness Analysis
13.5.1. By Application
13.5.2. By End-user
13.5.3. By Country/Sub-region
14. Competition Landscape
14.1. Market Position Analysis, by Company, 2020
14.2. Company Profiles
14.2.1. LFB GROUP
14.2.1.1. Company Overview (HQ, Business Segments, Employee Strength)
14.2.1.2. Growth Strategies
14.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
14.2.2. Green Cross Corp.
14.2.2.1. Company Overview (HQ, Business Segments, Employee Strength)
14.2.2.2. Growth Strategies
14.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
14.2.3. Octapharma AG
14.2.3.1. Company Overview (HQ, Business Segments)
14.2.3.2. Growth Strategies
14.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
14.2.4. CSL Behring
14.2.4.1. Company Overview (HQ, Business Segments, Employee Strength)
14.2.4.2. Growth Strategies
14.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
14.2.5. Shanghai RAAS
14.2.5.1. Company Overview (HQ, Business Segments)
14.2.5.2. Growth Strategies
14.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
List of Tables
Table 01: Clinical Trials (1/6)
Table 02: Clinical Trials (1/6)
Table 03: Clinical Trials (1/6)
Table 04: Clinical Trials (1/6)
Table 05: Clinical Trials (1/6)
Table 06: Clinical Trials (1/6)
Table 07: Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2017–2031
Table 08: Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user, 2017–2031
Table 09: Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Region, 2017–2031
Table 10: North America Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country/Sub-region, 2017–2031
Table 11: North America Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2017–2031
Table 12: North America Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user, 2017–2031
Table 13: Europe Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country/Sub-region, 2017–2031
Table 14: Europe Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2017–2031
Table 15: Europe Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user, 2017–2031
Table 16: Asia Pacific Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country/Sub-region, 2017–2031
Table 17: Asia Pacific Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2017–2031
Table 18: Asia Pacific Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user, 2017–2031
Table 19: Latin America Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country/Sub-region, 2017–2031
Table 20: Latin America Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2017–2031
Table 21: Latin America Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user, 2017–2031
Table 22: Middle East & Africa Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country/Sub-region, 2017–2031
Table 23: Middle East & Africa Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Application, 2017–2031
Table 24: Middle East & Africa Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-user, 2017–2031
List of Figures
Figure 01: Market Share, by Application
Figure 02: Market Share, by End-user
Figure 03: Regional Share Snapshot
Figure 04: Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, 2017–2031
Figure 05: Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value Share, by End-user, 2020
Figure 06: Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value Share, by Region, 2020
Figure 07: Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value Share, by Application, 2020
Figure 08 : Disease Prevalence & Incidence Rate Globally and Key Countries
Figure 09: Pipeline Analysis
Figure 10: Confirmed Cases in Different Regions
Figure 11: Cumulative Total Confirmed & Death Cases in Top Countries
Figure 12: Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value Share Analysis, by Application, 2020 and 2031
Figure 13: Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Application, 2021–2031
Figure 14: Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn), by General Coagulation Management, 2017–2031
Figure 15: Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn), by Surgery, 2017–2031
Figure 16: Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn), by Others (obstetric bleeding, etc.), 2017–2031
Figure 17: Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value Share Analysis, by End-user, 2020 and 2031
Figure 18: Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Attractiveness Analysis, by End-user, 2021–2031
Figure 19: Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn), by Hospitals, 2017–2031
Figure 20: Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn), by ASCs, 2017–2031
Figure 21: Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn), by Others, 2017–2031
Figure 22: Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Analysis, by Region, 2020
Figure 23: Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value Share Analysis, by Region, 2020 and 2031
Figure 24: Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Region, 2021–2031
Figure 25: North America Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast and Y-o-Y Growth (%) Projection, 2017–2031
Figure 26: North America Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value Share, by Country, 2020–2031
Figure 27: North America Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Attractiveness, by Country, 2021–2031
Figure 28: North America Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value Share Analysis, by Application, 2020 and 2031
Figure 29: North America Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Application, 2021–2031
Figure 30: North America Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value Share Analysis, by End-user, 2020 and 2031
Figure 31: North America Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Attractiveness Analysis, by End-user, 2021–2031
Figure 32: Europe Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast and Y-o-Y Growth (%) Projection, 2017–2031
Figure 33: Europe Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value Share, by Country/Sub-region, 2020–2031
Figure 34: Europe Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Attractiveness, by Country/Sub-region, 2021–2031
Figure 35: Europe Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value Share Analysis, by Application, 2020 and 2031
Figure 36: Europe Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Application, 2021–2031
Figure 37: Europe Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value Share Analysis, by End-user, 2020 and 2031
Figure 38: Europe Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Attractiveness Analysis, by End-user, 2021–2031
Figure 39: Asia Pacific Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast and Y-o-Y Growth (%) Projection, 2017–2031
Figure 40: Asia Pacific Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value Share, by Country/Sub-region, 2020–2031
Figure 41: Asia Pacific Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Attractiveness, by Country/Sub-region, 2021–2031
Figure 42: Asia Pacific Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value Share Analysis, by Application, 2020 and 2031
Figure 43: Asia Pacific Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Application, 2021–2031
Figure 44: Asia Pacific Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value Share Analysis, by End-user, 2020 and 2031
Figure 45: Asia Pacific Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Attractiveness Analysis, by End-user, 2021–2031
Figure 46: Latin America Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast and Y-o-Y Growth (%) Projection, 2017–2031
Figure 47: Latin America Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value Share, by Country/Sub-region, 2020–2031
Figure 48: Latin America Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Attractiveness, by Country/Sub-region, 2021–2031
Figure 49: Latin America Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value Share Analysis, by Application, 2020 and 2031
Figure 50: Latin America Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Application, 2021–2031
Figure 51: Latin America Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value Share Analysis, by End-user, 2020 and 2031
Figure 52: Latin America Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Attractiveness Analysis, by End-user, 2021–2031
Figure 53: Middle East & Africa Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value (US$ Mn) Forecast and Y-o-Y Growth (%) Projection, 2017–2031
Figure 54: Middle East & Africa Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value Share, by Country/Sub-region, 2020–2031
Figure 55: Middle East & Africa Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Attractiveness, by Country/Sub-region, 2021–2031
Figure 56: Middle East & Africa Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value Share Analysis, by Application, 2020 and 2031
Figure 57: Middle East & Africa Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Application, 2021–2031
Figure 58: Middle East & Africa Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Value Share Analysis, by End-user, 2020 and 2031
Figure 59: Middle East & Africa Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Attractiveness Analysis, by End-user, 2021–2031
Figure 60: Global Fibrinogen Concentrates Market Share, by Company, 2020
Figure 61: Green Cross Corp. Revenue (US$ Mn) and Y-o-Y Growth (%), 2018–2020
Figure 62: Green Cross Corp. Operating Income (US$ Mn) and Y-o-Y Growth (%), 2018–2020
Figure 63: Green Cross Corp. R&D Expenses (US$ Mn) and Y-o-Y Growth (%), 2018–2020
Figure 64: Green Cross Corp. Net Income (US$ Mn) and Y-o-Y Growth (%), 2018–2020
Figure 65: Octapharma AG Revenue (US$ Mn) and Y-o-Y Growth (%), 2018–2020
Figure 66: Octapharma AG Operating Income
Figure 67: Octapharma AG R&D Expenses (US$ Mn) and Y-o-Y Growth (%), 2018–2020
Figure 68: Octapharma AG Net Income (US$ Mn) and Y-o-Y Growth (%), 2018–2020
Figure 69: CSL Behring Revenue (US$ Mn) and Y-o-Y Growth (%), 2018–2020
Figure 70: CSL Behring Operating Income (US$ Mn) and Y-o-Y Growth (%), 2018–2020
Figure 71: CSL Behring R&D Expenses (US$ Mn) and Y-o-Y Growth (%), 2018–2020
Figure 72: CSL Behring Net Income (US$ Mn) and Y-o-Y Growth (%), 2018–2020
Figure 73: CSL Behring Revenue (US$ Mn) and Y-o-Y Growth (%), 2018–2020
Figure 74: CSL Behring Operating Income (US$ Mn) and Y-o-Y Growth (%), 2018–2020
Figure 75: CSL Behring R&D Expenses (US$ Mn) and Y-o-Y Growth (%), 2018–2020
Figure 76: CSL Behring Net Income (US$ Mn) and Y-o-Y Growth (%), 2018–2020