Analysts’ Viewpoint on Market Scenario
Expansion in the pharmaceutical sector and increase in demand for RNA vaccines and monoclonal antibodies are projected to boost the demand for cholesterol during the forecast period. Cholesterol plays a vital role in various physiological processes. Managing cholesterol levels is crucial due to its association with cardiovascular diseases.
Growth in geriatric population and rise in prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases are also expected to augment the cholesterol market size in the near future. Surge in investment in R&D of novel drug delivery systems is likely to create lucrative opportunities for players in the global cholesterol industry, as per the future analysis of the cholesterol market.
Cholesterol Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) is a critical component used in the production of cholesterol-lowering medications such as statins. It acts as the core element that imparts the desired therapeutic effect to these drugs.
Cholesterol APIs are extensively utilized in the pharmaceutical sector to manufacture medicines aimed at controlling hypercholesterolemia and reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Surge in prevalence of cholesterol-related conditions is estimated to spur the cholesterol market growth in the next few years.
Cholesterol companies are playing a key role in supplying high-quality cholesterol APIs to support the development of effective cholesterol-lowering medications and improve patients' cardiovascular health.
Emerging countries play a significant role in the pharmaceutical sector, offering large markets for drug formulations and creating opportunities for the successful introduction of new products. This trend is projected to boost the revenues of prominent pharmaceutical companies, as they tap into these specialty items.
Rise in demand for low-cost lipid excipients, especially in Asia Pacific and East Africa, is augmenting the cholesterol market value. However, developed economies are witnessing a slower but steady rise in demand for higher quality and more efficient excipients. Increase in investment in drug manufacturing and healthcare sectors, especially in emerging economies such as China, India, Brazil, Nigeria, and Kenya, is also boosting the demand for cholesterol excipients.
Notably, emerging countries have consistently outspent the EU5 countries (France, Germany, Italy, the U.K., and Spain) in pharmaceuticals in the last few years. This highlights the growing importance of these countries in the global pharmaceutical landscape.
Liposomes are well-known nanosized drug delivery systems with beneficial properties such as ease of preparation, bilayer structure resembling cellular membranes, and high biocompatibility. Cholesterol, being an integral part of biological membranes, plays a crucial role in liposomal formulations.
Various studies conducted on liposomal compositions have highlighted the significance of cholesterol. Liposomes with higher cholesterol content are more stable. The amount of cholesterol in a liposome formulation influences its stability, with higher proportion leading to larger liposomes, lower encapsulation efficiency, and increased drug retention.
Advent of the COVID-19 pandemic and rapid development and distribution of RNA vaccines are prompting research and development activities in cholesterol-lowering drugs, thereby propelling the cholesterol market statistics. Collaborative research opportunities in liposomal drug formulations are being promoted through new regulations, increased funding, and public-private partnerships. The focus is shifting toward the development of lipid-based excipients that are dispersible, flexible, and multifunctional.
Prioritization of unmet medical needs, FDA approvals for liposomal-based therapeutics, and ongoing clinical trials across various applications in antibacterial, anticancer, and antiviral therapies are also driving the demand for cholesterol.
According to the latest cholesterol market trends, the Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) type segment is projected to dominate the industry during the forecast period. LDL cholesterol is often referred to as "bad cholesterol," as high levels of LDL in the bloodstream can lead to the accumulation of plaque in the arteries, thereby increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke.
Heart diseases remain a leading cause of global mortality. Therefore, demand for effective management of cholesterol levels to mitigate these risks is rising across the globe. Pharmaceutical companies and healthcare providers are focusing on developing and promoting LDL-lowering therapies to address this health concern.
Statins, which are widely prescribed medications, have been successful in reducing LDL levels and managing cardiovascular risks. Additionally, lifestyle modifications, including dietary changes and increased physical activity, are encouraged to maintain healthy LDL levels.
Surge in prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases and increase in awareness about cardiovascular health are fueling the demand for LDL-lowering medications. Proper management of LDL cholesterol levels can significantly reduce the burden of cardiovascular diseases and improve overall public health.
As per the latest cholesterol market forecast, Europe is expected to constitute the largest share from 2023 to 2031. The region accounted for 31.5% share in 2022. Germany, France, and Italy are major markets for cholesterol in Europe. Presence of prominent pharma companies is augmenting the market dynamics of the region.
Asia Pacific accounted for 30.1% market share in 2022. Japan, China, and India are key growth engines of the industry in the region. Rise in investment in R&D of APIs is driving market progress in Asia Pacific.
North America held 23.4% market share in 2022. On the other hand, Latin America and Middle East & Africa cumulatively accounted for 8.2% share in 2022.
The global landscape is highly consolidated, with a small number of large-scale cholesterol companies controlling majority of the cholesterol market share. Cholesterol manufacturers are investing significantly in comprehensive research and development activities, primarily to expand their product portfolio.
Chongqing Jingkang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., CARBOGEN AMCIS, Zhejiang Garden Biochemical High-Tech Stock Co., Ltd., Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., Anhui Chem-Bright Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Rocky Mountain Biologicals, Lee BioSolutions, Inc., Cone Bioproducts, Beckman Coulter, and Alfa Wassermann Diagnostic Technologies, LLC are the key players in the cholesterol market.
Each of these players has been profiled in the cholesterol market report based on parameters such as company overview, financial overview, business strategies, product portfolio, business segments, and recent developments.
Attribute | Detail |
---|---|
Market Value in 2022 |
US$ 4.2 Bn |
Market Forecast Value in 2031 |
US$ 8.1 Bn |
Growth Rate (CAGR) |
7.5% |
Forecast Period |
2023-2031 |
Historical Data Available for |
2022 |
Quantitative Units |
US$ Bn for Value and Kilo Tons for Volume |
Market Analysis |
It includes cross-segment analysis at the global as well as regional level. Furthermore, the qualitative analysis includes drivers, restraints, opportunities, key trends, Porter’s Five Forces analysis, value chain analysis, and key trend analysis. |
Competition Landscape |
|
Format |
Electronic (PDF) + Excel |
Market Segmentation |
|
Regions Covered |
|
Countries Covered |
|
Companies Profiled |
|
Customization Scope |
Available upon request |
Pricing |
Available upon request |
It was valued at US$ 4.2 Bn in 2022
It is projected to grow at a CAGR of 7.5% from 2023 to 2031
Expansion in the pharmaceutical sector and increase in demand for RNA vaccines and monoclonal antibodies
Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) was the largest type segment in 2022
Europe recorded the highest demand in 2022
Chongqing Jingkang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., CARBOGEN AMCIS, Zhejiang Garden Biochemical High-Tech Stock Co., Ltd., Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., Anhui Chem-Bright Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Rocky Mountain Biologicals, Lee BioSolutions, Inc., Cone Bioproducts, Beckman Coulter, and Alfa Wassermann Diagnostic Technologies, LLC
1. Executive Summary
1.1. Global Market Outlook
1.2. Demand Side Trends
1.3. Key Facts and Figures
1.4. Trends Impacting Market
1.5. TMR’s Growth Opportunity Wheel
2. Market Overview
2.1. Market Segmentation
2.2. Key Developments
2.3. Market Definitions
2.4. Key Market Trends
2.5. Market Dynamics
2.5.1. Drivers
2.5.2. Restraints
2.5.3. Opportunities
2.6. Global Cholesterol Market Analysis and Forecast, 2023-2031
2.6.1. Global Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons)
2.6.2. Global Cholesterol Market Revenue (US$ Bn)
2.7. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
2.8. Regulatory Landscape
2.9. Value Chain Analysis
2.9.1. List of Raw Material Providers
2.9.2. List of Manufacturers
2.9.3. List of Dealers/Distributors
2.9.4. List of Potential Customers
2.10. Production Overview
2.11. Product Specification Analysis
2.11.1. Cost Structure Analysis
3. Economic Recovery Post COVID-19 Impact
3.1. Impact on Supply Chain of Cholesterol
3.2. Impact on Demand for Cholesterol- Pre & Post Crisis
4. Impact of Current Geopolitical Scenario
5. Production Output Analysis (Tons), by Region, 2022
5.1. North America
5.2. Europe
5.3. Asia Pacific
5.4. Latin America
5.5. Middle East & Africa
6. Price Trend Analysis and Forecast (US$/Ton), 2023-2031
6.1. Price Comparison Analysis by Type
6.2. Price Comparison Analysis by Region
7. Global Cholesterol Market Analysis and Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
7.1. Introduction and Definitions
7.2. Global Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
7.2.1. Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL)
7.2.2. High-density Lipoprotein (HDL)
7.2.3. Very-low-density Lipoprotein (VLDL)
7.3. Global Cholesterol Market Attractiveness, by Type
8. Global Cholesterol Market Analysis and Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
8.1. Introduction and Definitions
8.2. Global Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
8.2.1. Plant-derived
8.2.2. Animal-derived
8.2.3. Synthetic
8.3. Global Cholesterol Market Attractiveness, by Source
9. Global Cholesterol Market Analysis and Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
9.1. Introduction and Definitions
9.2. Global Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
9.2.1. Pharmaceutical
9.2.2. Cosmetics
9.2.3. Food & Beverage
9.2.4. Animal Feed
9.2.5. Industrial Products
9.2.6. Others
9.3. Global Cholesterol Market Attractiveness, by End-use
10. Global Cholesterol Market Analysis and Forecast, by Region, 2023-2031
10.1. Key Findings
10.2. Global Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Region, 2023-2031
10.2.1. North America
10.2.2. Europe
10.2.3. Asia Pacific
10.2.4. Middle East & Africa
10.2.5. Latin America
10.3. Global Cholesterol Market Attractiveness, by Region
11. North America Cholesterol Market Analysis and Forecast, 2023-2031
11.1. Key Findings
11.2. North America Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
11.3. North America Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
11.4. North America Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
11.5. North America Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Country, 2023-2031
11.5.1. U.S. Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
11.5.2. U.S. Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
11.5.3. U.S. Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
11.5.4. Canada Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
11.5.5. Canada Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
11.5.6. Canada Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
11.6. North America Cholesterol Market Attractiveness Analysis
12. Europe Cholesterol Market Analysis and Forecast, 2023-2031
12.1. Key Findings
12.2. Europe Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
12.3. Europe Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
12.4. Europe Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
12.5. Europe Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2023-2031
12.5.1. Germany Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
12.5.2. Germany Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
12.5.3. Germany Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
12.5.4. France Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
12.5.5. France Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
12.5.6. France Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
12.5.7. U.K. Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
12.5.8. U.K. Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
12.5.9. U.K. Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
12.5.10. Italy Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
12.5.11. Italy. Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
12.5.12. Italy Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
12.5.13. Russia & CIS Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
12.5.14. Russia & CIS Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
12.5.15. Russia & CIS Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
12.5.16. Rest of Europe Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
12.5.17. Rest of Europe Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
12.5.18. Rest of Europe Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
12.6. Europe Cholesterol Market Attractiveness Analysis
13. Asia Pacific Cholesterol Market Analysis and Forecast, 2023-2031
13.1. Key Findings
13.2. Asia Pacific Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type
13.3. Asia Pacific Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
13.4. Asia Pacific Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
13.5. Asia Pacific Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2023-2031
13.5.1. China Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
13.5.2. China Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
13.5.3. China Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
13.5.4. Japan Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
13.5.5. Japan Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
13.5.6. Japan Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
13.5.7. India Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
13.5.8. India Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
13.5.9. India Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
13.5.10. ASEAN Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
13.5.11. ASEAN Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
13.5.12. ASEAN Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
13.5.13. Rest of Asia Pacific Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
13.5.14. Rest of Asia Pacific Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
13.5.15. Rest of Asia Pacific Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
13.6. Asia Pacific Cholesterol Market Attractiveness Analysis
14. Latin America Cholesterol Market Analysis and Forecast, 2023-2031
14.1. Key Findings
14.2. Latin America Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
14.3. Latin America Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
14.4. Latin America Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
14.5. Latin America Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2023-2031
14.5.1. Brazil Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
14.5.2. Brazil Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
14.5.3. Brazil Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
14.5.4. Mexico Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
14.5.5. Mexico Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
14.5.6. Mexico Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
14.5.7. Rest of Latin America Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
14.5.8. Rest of Latin America Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
14.5.9. Rest of Latin America Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
14.6. Latin America Cholesterol Market Attractiveness Analysis
15. Middle East & Africa Cholesterol Market Analysis and Forecast, 2023-2031
15.1. Key Findings
15.2. Middle East & Africa Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
15.3. Middle East & Africa Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
15.4. Middle East & Africa Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
15.5. Middle East & Africa Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2023-2031
15.5.1. GCC Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
15.5.2. GCC Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
15.5.3. GCC Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
15.5.4. South Africa Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
15.5.5. South Africa Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
15.5.6. South Africa Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
15.5.7. Rest of Middle East & Africa Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
15.5.8. Rest of Middle East & Africa Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
15.5.9. Rest of Middle East & Africa Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
15.6. Middle East & Africa Cholesterol Market Attractiveness Analysis
16. Competition Landscape
16.1. Global Cholesterol Market Company Share Analysis, 2022
16.2. Company Profiles (Details - Overview, Financials, Recent Developments, and Strategy)
16.2.1. Chongqing Jingkang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
16.2.1.1. Company Revenue
16.2.1.2. Business Overview
16.2.1.3. Product Segments
16.2.1.4. Geographic Footprint
16.2.1.5. Production Capacity/Plant Details, etc. (*As Applicable)
16.2.1.6. Strategic Partnership, Capacity Expansion, New Product Innovation, etc.
16.2.2. CARBOGEN AMCIS
16.2.2.1. Company Revenue
16.2.2.2. Business Overview
16.2.2.3. Product Segments
16.2.2.4. Geographic Footprint
16.2.2.5. Production Capacity/Plant Details, etc. (*As Applicable)
16.2.2.6. Strategic Partnership, Capacity Expansion, New Product Innovation, etc.
16.2.3. Zhejiang Garden Biochemical High-Tech Stock Co., Ltd.
16.2.3.1. Company Revenue
16.2.3.2. Business Overview
16.2.3.3. Product Segments
16.2.3.4. Geographic Footprint
16.2.3.5. Production Capacity/Plant Details, etc. (*As Applicable)
16.2.3.6. Strategic Partnership, Capacity Expansion, New Product Innovation, etc.
16.2.4. Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc.
16.2.4.1. Company Revenue
16.2.4.2. Business Overview
16.2.4.3. Product Segments
16.2.4.4. Geographic Footprint
16.2.4.5. Production Capacity/Plant Details, etc. (*As Applicable)
16.2.4.6. Strategic Partnership, Capacity Expansion, New Product Innovation, etc.
16.2.5. Anhui Chem-Bright Bioengineering Co., Ltd.
16.2.5.1. Company Revenue
16.2.5.2. Business Overview
16.2.5.3. Product Segments
16.2.5.4. Geographic Footprint
16.2.5.5. Production Capacity/Plant Details, etc. (*As Applicable)
16.2.5.6. Strategic Partnership, Capacity Expansion, New Product Innovation, etc.
16.2.6. Rocky Mountain Biologicals
16.2.6.1. Company Revenue
16.2.6.2. Business Overview
16.2.6.3. Product Segments
16.2.6.4. Geographic Footprint
16.2.6.5. Production Capacity/Plant Details, etc. (*As Applicable)
16.2.6.6. Strategic Partnership, Capacity Expansion, New Product Innovation, etc.
16.2.7. Lee BioSolutions, Inc.
16.2.7.1. Company Revenue
16.2.7.2. Business Overview
16.2.7.3. Product Segments
16.2.7.4. Geographic Footprint
16.2.7.5. Production Capacity/Plant Details, etc. (*As Applicable)
16.2.7.6. Strategic Partnership, Capacity Expansion, New Product Innovation, etc.
16.2.8. Cone Bioproducts
16.2.8.1. Company Revenue
16.2.8.2. Business Overview
16.2.8.3. Product Segments
16.2.8.4. Geographic Footprint
16.2.8.5. Production Capacity/Plant Details, etc. (*As Applicable)
16.2.8.6. Strategic Partnership, Capacity Expansion, New Product Innovation, etc.
16.2.9. Beckman Coulter
16.2.9.1. Company Revenue
16.2.9.2. Business Overview
16.2.9.3. Product Segments
16.2.9.4. Geographic Footprint
16.2.9.5. Production Capacity/Plant Details, etc. (*As Applicable)
16.2.9.6. Strategic Partnership, Capacity Expansion, New Product Innovation, etc.
16.2.10. Alfa Wassermann Diagnostic Technologies, LLC
16.2.10.1. Company Revenue
16.2.10.2. Business Overview
16.2.10.3. Product Segments
16.2.10.4. Geographic Footprint
16.2.10.5. Production Capacity/Plant Details, etc. (*As Applicable)
16.2.10.6. Strategic Partnership, Capacity Expansion, New Product Innovation, etc.
16.2.11. Others
16.2.11.1. Company Revenue
16.2.11.2. Business Overview
16.2.11.3. Product Segments
16.2.11.4. Geographic Footprint
16.2.11.5. Production Capacity/Plant Details, etc. (*As Applicable)
16.2.11.6. Strategic Partnership, Capacity Expansion, New Product Innovation, etc.
17. Primary Research: Key Insights
18. Appendix
List of Tables
Table 1: Global Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 2: Global Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 3: Global Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 4: Global Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 5: Global Cholesterol Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 6: Global Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 7: Global Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Region, 2023-2031
Table 8: Global Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Region, 2023-2031
Table 9: North America Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 10: North America Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 11: North America Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 12: North America Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 13: North America Cholesterol Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 14: North America Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 15: North America Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Country, 2023-2031
Table 16: North America Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Country, 2023-2031
Table 17: U.S. Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 18: U.S. Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 19: U.S. Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 20: U.S. Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 21: U.S. Cholesterol Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 22: U.S. Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 23: Canada Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 24: Canada Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 25: Canada Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 26: Canada Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 27: Canada Cholesterol Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 28: Canada Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 29: Europe Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 30: Europe Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 31: Europe Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 32: Europe Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 33: Europe Cholesterol Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 34: Europe Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 35: Europe Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2023-2031
Table 36: Europe Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2023-2031
Table 37: Germany Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 38: Germany Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 39: Germany Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 40: Germany Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 41: Germany Cholesterol Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 42: Germany Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 43: France Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 44: France Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 45: France Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 46: France Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 47: France Cholesterol Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 48: France Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 49: U.K. Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 50: U.K. Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 51: U.K. Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 52: U.K. Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 53: U.K. Cholesterol Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 54: U.K. Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 55: Italy Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 56: Italy Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 57: Italy Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 58: Italy Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 59: Italy Cholesterol Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 60: Italy Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 61: Spain Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 62: Spain Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 63: Spain Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 64: Spain Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 65: Spain Cholesterol Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 66: Spain Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 67: Russia & CIS Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 68: Russia & CIS Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 69: Russia & CIS Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 70: Russia & CIS Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 71: Russia & CIS Cholesterol Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 72: Russia & CIS Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 73: Rest of Europe Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 74: Rest of Europe Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 75: Rest of Europe Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 76: Rest of Europe Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 77: Rest of Europe Cholesterol Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 78: Rest of Europe Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 79: Asia Pacific Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 80: Asia Pacific Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 81: Asia Pacific Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 82: Asia Pacific Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 83: Asia Pacific Cholesterol Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 84: Asia Pacific Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 85: Asia Pacific Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2023-2031
Table 86: Asia Pacific Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2023-2031
Table 87: China Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 88: China Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type 2023-2031
Table 89: China Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 90: China Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 91: China Cholesterol Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 92: China Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 93: Japan Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 94: Japan Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 95: Japan Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 96: Japan Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 97: Japan Cholesterol Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 98: Japan Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 99: India Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 100: India Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 101: India Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 102: India Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 103: India Cholesterol Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 104: India Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 105: India Cholesterol Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 106: India Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use 2023-2031
Table 107: ASEAN Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 108: ASEAN Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 109: ASEAN Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 110: ASEAN Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 111: ASEAN Cholesterol Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 112: ASEAN Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 113: Rest of Asia Pacific Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 114: Rest of Asia Pacific Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 115: Rest of Asia Pacific Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 116: Rest of Asia Pacific Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 117: Rest of Asia Pacific Cholesterol Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 118: Rest of Asia Pacific Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 119: Latin America Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 120: Latin America Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 121: Latin America Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 122: Latin America Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 123: Latin America Cholesterol Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 124: Latin America Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 125: Latin America Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2023-2031
Table 126: Latin America Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2023-2031
Table 127: Brazil Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 128: Brazil Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 129: Brazil Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 130: Brazil Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 131: Brazil Cholesterol Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 132: Brazil Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 133: Mexico Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 134: Mexico Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 135: Mexico Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 136: Mexico Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 137: Mexico Cholesterol Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 138: Mexico Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 139: Rest of Latin America Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 140: Rest of Latin America Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 141: Rest of Latin America Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 142: Rest of Latin America Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 143: Rest of Latin America Cholesterol Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 144: Rest of Latin America Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 145: Middle East & Africa Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 146: Middle East & Africa Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 147: Middle East & Africa Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 148: Middle East & Africa Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 149: Middle East & Africa Cholesterol Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 150: Middle East & Africa Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 151: Middle East & Africa Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2023-2031
Table 152: Middle East & Africa Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2023-2031
Table 153: GCC Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 154: GCC Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 155: GCC Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 156: GCC Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 157: GCC Cholesterol Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 158: GCC Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 159: South Africa Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 160: South Africa Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 161: South Africa Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 162: South Africa Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 163: South Africa Cholesterol Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 164: South Africa Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 165: Rest of Middle East & Africa Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 166: Rest of Middle East & Africa Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Type, 2023-2031
Table 167: Rest of Middle East & Africa Cholesterol Market Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 168: Rest of Middle East & Africa Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by Source, 2023-2031
Table 169: Rest of Middle East & Africa Cholesterol Market Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
Table 170: Rest of Middle East & Africa Cholesterol Market Volume (Kilo Tons) and Value (US$ Bn) Forecast, by End-use, 2023-2031
List of Figures
Figure 1: Global Cholesterol Market Volume Share Analysis, by Type, 2022, 2025, and 2031
Figure 2: Global Cholesterol Market Attractiveness, by Type
Figure 3: Global Cholesterol Market Volume Share Analysis, by Source, 2022, 2025, and 2031
Figure 4: Global Cholesterol Market Attractiveness, by Source
Figure 5: Global Cholesterol Market Volume Share Analysis, by End-use, 2022, 2025, and 2031
Figure 6: Global Cholesterol Market Attractiveness, by End-use
Figure 7: Global Cholesterol Market Volume Share Analysis, by Region, 2022, 2025, and 2031
Figure 8: Global Cholesterol Market Attractiveness, by Region
Figure 9: North America Cholesterol Market Volume Share Analysis, by Type, 2022, 2025, and 2031
Figure 10: North America Cholesterol Market Attractiveness, by Type
Figure 11: North America Cholesterol Market Attractiveness, by Type
Figure 12: North America Cholesterol Market Volume Share Analysis, by Source, 2022, 2025, and 2031
Figure 13: North America Cholesterol Market Attractiveness, by Source
Figure 14: North America Cholesterol Market Volume Share Analysis, by End-use, 2022, 2025, and 2031
Figure 15: North America Cholesterol Market Attractiveness, by End-use
Figure 16: North America Cholesterol Market Attractiveness, by Country
Figure 17: Europe Cholesterol Market Volume Share Analysis, by Type, 2022, 2025, and 2031
Figure 18: Europe Cholesterol Market Attractiveness, by Type
Figure 19: Europe Cholesterol Market Volume Share Analysis, by Source, 2022, 2025, and 2031
Figure 20: Europe Cholesterol Market Attractiveness, by Source
Figure 21: Europe Cholesterol Market Volume Share Analysis, by End-use, 2022, 2025, and 2031
Figure 22: Europe Cholesterol Market Attractiveness, by End-use
Figure 23: Europe Cholesterol Market Volume Share Analysis, by Country and Sub-region, 2022, 2025, and 2031
Figure 24: Europe Cholesterol Market Attractiveness, by Country and Sub-region
Figure 25: Asia Pacific Cholesterol Market Volume Share Analysis, by Type, 2022, 2025, and 2031
Figure 26: Asia Pacific Cholesterol Market Attractiveness, by Type
Figure 27: Asia Pacific Cholesterol Market Volume Share Analysis, by Source, 2022, 2025, and 2031
Figure 28: Asia Pacific Cholesterol Market Attractiveness, by Source
Figure 29: Asia Pacific Cholesterol Market Volume Share Analysis, by End-use, 2022, 2025, and 2031
Figure 30: Asia Pacific Cholesterol Market Attractiveness, by End-use
Figure 31: Asia Pacific Cholesterol Market Volume Share Analysis, by Country and Sub-region, 2022, 2025, and 2031
Figure 32: Asia Pacific Cholesterol Market Attractiveness, by Country and Sub-region
Figure 33: Latin America Cholesterol Market Volume Share Analysis, by Type, 2022, 2025, and 2031
Figure 34: Latin America Cholesterol Market Attractiveness, by Type
Figure 35: Latin America Cholesterol Market Volume Share Analysis, by Source, 2022, 2025, and 2031
Figure 36: Latin America Cholesterol Market Attractiveness, by Source
Figure 37: Latin America Cholesterol Market Volume Share Analysis, by End-use, 2022, 2025, and 2031
Figure 38: Latin America Cholesterol Market Attractiveness, by End-use
Figure 39: Latin America Cholesterol Market Volume Share Analysis, by Country and Sub-region, 2022, 2025, and 2031
Figure 40: Latin America Cholesterol Market Attractiveness, by Country and Sub-region
Figure 41: Middle East & Africa Cholesterol Market Volume Share Analysis, by Type, 2022, 2025, and 2031
Figure 42: Middle East & Africa Cholesterol Market Attractiveness, by Type
Figure 43: Middle East & Africa Cholesterol Market Volume Share Analysis, by Source, 2022, 2025, and 2031
Figure 44: Middle East & Africa Cholesterol Market Attractiveness, by Source
Figure 45: Middle East & Africa Cholesterol Market Volume Share Analysis, by End-use, 2022, 2025, and 2031
Figure 46: Middle East & Africa Cholesterol Market Attractiveness, by End-use
Figure 47: Middle East & Africa Cholesterol Market Volume Share Analysis, by Country and Sub-region, 2022, 2025, and 2031
Figure 48: Middle East & Africa Cholesterol Market Attractiveness, by Country and Sub-region